Leg swelling, also known as edema, is more than just an inconvenience—it may be a sign of an underlying vascular or cardiovascular issue. Swelling occurs when excess fluid builds up in the tissues, often in the lower extremities. While mild swelling is often due to standing or sitting for long periods or even heat exposure, persistent or severe swelling may indicate more serious problems with circulation, heart health, or even kidney and liver function.
Causes of Leg Swelling
There are several potential causes of leg swelling, ranging from minor issues to serious medical conditions. Some of the most common causes include:
- Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): This condition occurs when the arteries in the legs become narrowed or blocked, reducing blood flow to the lower extremities. PAD can lead to leg pain, cramping, swelling, numbness, and skin changes, especially during physical activity. Left untreated, PAD can increase the risk of serious complications such as non-healing wounds and even limb loss.
- Varicose veins: These enlarged, twisted veins often develop when blood pools in the legs due to faulty valves. Varicose veins can cause swelling, aching, and a heavy feeling in the legs, especially after standing or sitting for extended periods.
- Heart failure: Swelling in the legs and ankles can be a sign of congestive heart failure. When the heart cannot pump blood effectively, fluid may accumulate in the legs, feet, and even the lungs.
- Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): A blood clot in the deep veins of the legs can cause sudden swelling, pain, and redness, typically in one leg. DVT is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment to prevent complications like pulmonary embolism.
- Kidney or liver problems: Poor kidney or liver function can lead to fluid retention in the legs and other parts of the body.
When to Seek Medical Attention
While occasional leg swelling may not be cause for concern, persistent, worsening, or painful swelling should not be ignored. Seek medical attention immediately if swelling is accompanied by:
- Sudden pain or tenderness in one leg
- Redness or warmth in the affected area
- Difficulty breathing or chest pain
Leg swelling can be a warning sign of serious vascular or cardiovascular conditions. If you are experiencing leg swelling or have concerns about circulation, Korban Cardiology can help diagnose the cause and provide effective treatment options. Contact us today to take control of your vascular health and improve your quality of life.